The History of Green Walls

The History of Vertical Gardens in Ancient Civilisations

The history of living walls can be traced back as far as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. They were constructed around 600 BCE and were majestic terraced gardens which incorporated layers of plants and trees that stretched down walls, creating a visually attractive effect. Though there is some debate about whether the gardens really existed, they still highlight the early idea of bringing more greenery into the environment. The ancient Egyptians and Romans also played a part in green walls history and used vertical planting techniques to enhance their architecture. In Egypt, creeping plants were trained to climb walls, while in Rome, villa courtyards often featured trellises and climbing vines that provided shade.

Medieval and Renaissance Vertical Garden History

During the medieval period, the history of the vertical garden continued with the use of climbing plants within cloisters and castle walls. Vertical living walls in this era offered both aesthetic and practical benefits. Ivy and other climbing plants helped to protect stone structures from weathering and provided a backdrop of natural beauty. In the Renaissance, European estates and palaces incorporated elaborate living wall installations with vertical elements. Fruit trees and flowers covered the walls of these gardens, adding texture and colour while increasing the availability of growing space.

The Modern Era of Living Walls

Vertical living walls reached a turning point in the 20th century. In the 1930s, Professor Stanley Hart White, a landscape architecture professor at the University of Illinois, developed and patented the first known green wall system. His design used small pockets to support plant growth on vertical surfaces, paving the way for modern green wall installations that we see around the world today. In the late 20th century, French botanist Patrick Blanc popularised the concept of living walls in the 1980s and 1990s by creating hydroponic vertical gardens. There were green walls where plants grow without soil in a carefully managed nutrient solution. His installations, like the green wall at the Musée du Quai Branly in Paris, redefined the possibilities of vertical gardening and acted as the inspiration for the green walls we see globally today.

The history of living walls has evolved to incorporate a wide range of materials and techniques. As time passed, questions about how to make green walls more effective were posed by those in the industry, including the discussion of soil vs hydroponics for living walls. Modern systems feature modular panels, felt pockets, and hydroponic installations that support a wide range of plant species. In the UK, vertical living walls are now used in homes, offices, and public spaces. They help to reduce the impact of harsh urban landscapes and promote well-being and connection to nature. With so many of us sitting in front of computer screens all day long, they are the perfect antidote to modern office cultures.

Looking Ahead: The Future of Living Walls

The history of vertical gardens is far from over. Innovations continue to shape the future of green walls, with new materials and techniques working to support plant health and sustainability. Biophilic design, which encourages human connection with nature, plays a key role in the growing popularity of green walls as well. As we look to the future, there is also an interest in discovering how vertical gardens can support food production. Edible living walls, which combine ornamental plants with vegetables and herbs, are an exciting option that combines an attractive display with practical needs.

From the legendary Hanging Gardens of Babylon to the modern living wall designs we see today, the history of vertical gardens is a testament to the human desire to live in harmony with nature. Green walls continue to evolve, and we are excited to see how technology supports the future of these popular installations. Are you looking to add a green wall to your workplace or home? You’ll soon discover the many benefits of this investment and how it can completely transform the space where you work or live. Contact us today for more information about living walls or to discuss any questions you have about installing one in your property.